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The Cavaquinho (kah-vah-kin-yoo) is a small, high-pitched Portuguese guitar with a very short scale, ancestral to the Braguinha in Madeira (where it arrived in 1854) and the Ukulele in Hawaii (1879). In Brazil, the Cavaquinho became extremely popular and played a key role in urban popular music since the mid 19th century, both in the instrumental style that led to Choro and in the vocal one that became Samba.
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